教育評論第39巻第１号

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EFGHIJKMN早稲田教育評論　第 39 巻第１号* Based on the political class distinctions implemented during the planned economy era, this study categorized the interview subjects born between 1949 and 1959 into three groups: the working peasant class （families of workers and peasants）, the middle class （families of small business owners, middle peasants, and intellectuals）, and the exploiting class （families of large capitalists, landlords, rightists, and bad elements）. During the planned economic period, those born to the working peasant class were regarded as the uppermost class, holding an advantageous position in terms of access to educational opportunities and career prospects. By contrast, those born into the exploiting class were considered the lowest class, facing disadvantages in both educational and career opportunities.* The “Worker-Peasant-Soldier Collage” refers to a type of higher education institution established during China’s Cultural Revolution （1966-1976）. These universities were designed to prioritize the admission of students from working-class, peasant, and soldier backgrounds, rather than traditional merit-based academic standards. The curriculum often emphasizes political ideology and practical skills over academic rigour. The goal was to align education with the revolutionary ideals of the time, promote class struggles, and reduce the influence of intellectuals and the educated elite.On the other hand, the second group born between 1960 and 1977 experienced the Cultural Revolution during their primary and secondary school years. The chaos and stagnation within the education system during this period likely resulted in many individuals not receiving high-quality elementary or secondary education. However, with the sudden end of the Cultural Revolution during their high school years and the subsequent expansion of higher education and adult education during the reform and opening-up period, they regained their educational opportunities.Here is the information on interviewees born between 1960 and 1977.Education Level at the Time of Being Sent DownFinal Education LevelFirst Year of High SchoolSecond Year of High SchoolFirst Year of Junior High SchoolHigh School GraduateHigh School GraduateHigh School GraduateFirst Year of High SchoolJunior High School GraduateFirst Year of High SchoolJunior High School GraduateBirthplaceEducation LevelShanghaiHigh School GraduateUniversity GraduateAnhuiFinal ProfessionUniversity GraduateProfessorThree-year college diplomaElementary School TeacherThree-year college diplomaJournalistThree-year college diplomaMiddle School TeacherLaborerLaborerself-employed peopleProfessionfactory officialHigh School TeacherYear Sent DownYear ReturnedWorking Peasant Class19681970196819731968197519691976196819791968197919691980Social ClassMiddle ClassMiddle Class48SubjectBirth YearSocial Class19511950Middle ClassExploiting Class1953Exploiting Class1950Exploiting Class19491951Exploiting ClassExploiting Class1952Table 2: Basic Information of Interviewees Born Between 1960 and 1977SubjectBirth Year19621964