ABCDThe Family Status Achievement and Educational Strategies during The Planned Economy era （1949-1978） in China: Focusing on the Life History Analysis of the Chinese Born between 1949 and 1978The first stage lasted from 1949 to 1959. This period marked a phase of national construction and economic development during which educational opportunities expanded rapidly. Educational attainment across various stages notably improved and enrollment rates for primary, secondary, and tertiary education increased across all social strata.The second stage lasted from 1960 to 1965. Due to the economic recession, opportunities for education at high school and university levels have contracted. Simultaneously, the state’s policy of de-stratification was implemented, and political interventions aimed at reducing educational inequality between social strata began to emerge.The third stage was from 1966 to 1977. With the onset of the Cultural Revolution, educational institutions at all levels were paralyzed, and the “Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside” policy obstructed the normal educational opportunities for most urban youth. Moreover, during this period, political screening reached its zenith, and children from peasant and laborer classes were most likely to receive educational opportunities.The fourth stage began in 1978. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, factors contributing to upward social mobility returned to meritocracy, while political considerations receded to a minimum. Common factors influencing social stratification in industrialized societies, such as family, economic, cultural, and social capital, had a more pronounced impact on social stratification during this period.Returning to the research subjects of this thesis, the first group, born between 1949 and 1959, experienced an expansion of education during their primary and secondary school years. Compared to the era before 1949, most individuals were able to complete elementary and secondary education. However, during their high school and university years, they suddenly encountered a Cultural Revolution. During this period, most urban youth experienced the “Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside” movement, reaching its peak of political screening.Here is the information on interviewees born between 1949 and 1959 in this study.Education Level at the Time of Being Sent DownFinal Education LevelSecond Year of High SchoolHigh School GraduateFirst Year of High SchoolWorker-Peasant-Soldier CollegeThird Year of Junior High SchoolWorker-Peasant-Soldier CollegeYear Sent DownYear ReturnedWorking Peasant Class1968197019681970Working Peasant Class19681970Working Peasant Class19681970Table 1: Basic Information of Interviewees Born Between 1949 and 1959Birth YearSubjectSocial Class19501949Middle Class1951195247Final ProfessionThree-year college diplomaCivil ServantThree-year college diplomaDoctorDoctorDoctor
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