12Table 5 ProblemsLanguage-related IssuesWriting in L2 is more stressful （different from discussing orally where ideas are interpreted, and topics develop through dialogic interactions）.The process of translating between English and Japanese involves cognitive effort.Finding and using good expressions is challenging and time-consuming.Structuring a paper is often difficult.Content ChallengesLack of background knowledge makes it difficult.Papers requiring detailed understanding are the most challenging.Other FactorsTime-consuming to find relevant references; direct searches often lead to irrelevant literature. Reading references is challenging in terms of quantity and time.Limited time makes it difficult to visit the writing center.早稲田教育評論 第 39 巻第１号Difficulties, Strategies, and Support Request for Writing AssignmentsStrategiesAcademic writing classes have been very helpful （e.g., conjunctions, guidance on citation, rules for academic writing in English, and prohibition of the use of the first person）.（No strategies were mentioned.）By the fourth year, becoming better at writing.（No strategies were mentioned.）（No strategies were mentioned.）There is a need for a writing guide with specific prompts.Offer opportunities to practice summarizing and writing short texts in classes for English for academic purposes （EAP）, with feedback if possible.Provide opportunities to submit drafts and receive feedback.Model writings would be very helpful in any class.More academic content could have been covered in the first year. Feedback helps in ensuring correct understanding.Provide recommendations for relevant references. / Provide a list of readable and meaningful literature.Consultation with TAs or instructors.（No request was mentioned.）even more so in their L2. Five out of the eight students commented on the importance of presentation techniques for a successful presentation. As EMI students, they are aware that lengthy monologues in an L2 can be daunting and boring. They sought to avoid poor presentation techniques that could affect the quality of communication and diminish the audience’s concentration.Because most students referred to writing assignments such as term papers when talking about assign-ments, this paper addresses term papers, reaction papers, and summaries as types of assignments. Interviews with students revealed issues that occur even in L1 Japanese contexts, such as difficulties in finding relevant references. However, specific challenges related to EMI included a lack of familiarity with writing in L2, unfamiliarity with L2 written language and expressions, and difficulties arising from the EMI course topics being set in foreign contexts.Support RequestWriting Assignments
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