In recent years, there has been concern that children are losing interest in exercise, and it is considered necessary to help them develop autonomous motivation to exercise through school physical education classes. Therefore, physical education teachers are required to utilize effective teaching methods that contribute to improving children’s sense of physical competence considering their individual levels. However, it is unclear how adequately these teachers understand children’s individual level of physical competence. This study investigated elementary school teachers’ understanding of children’s sense of physical competence by examining the difference between children’s self-evaluation and teacher evaluation of their sense of physical competence. This study also investigated whether the teachers’ understanding differed between children with the same level of physical ability/sense of physical competence and with different levels after the children were classified into the following four groups: high physical ability and sense of physical competence （HH）, high physical ability and low sense of physical competence （HL）, low physical ability and high sense of physical competence （LH）, and low physical ability and sense of physical competence （LL）. The result of this study showed that there was a low degree of agreement between children’s self-evaluation and teachers’ evaluation of their sense of physical competence and that teachers over- or underestimated the level of sense of physical competence for about 10-20% of the total children. In particular, teachers tended to underestimate the level of sense of physical competence for HH and LH and overestimate that for HL and LL. The degree of overestimation was particularly notable for HL. It can be inferred that children classified as HL have excellent physical ability but have a lower sense of physical competence than teachers expect. The findings of this study suggested the need for teachers to appropriately promote understanding in order to cultivate children’s sense of physical competence. Akane YOSHIMURAElementary school teachers’ understanding of students’ sense of physical competence147
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