30Figure 2 Relation between Social Norms, Paid Work Time, and Childcare TimeDeterminants of Prospective Time Allocation for ChildcareAs for time allotted to childcare, a higher correlation between ideal and reality （r = .692） was obtained, while the subsequent ANOVA revealed a significant difference between ideal and prospect for both men and women, with men’s ideals exceeding their prospect and women’s prospect exceeding their ideals. Simply put, the prospective time allocation to parenting time not only reflected the ideal allocation but also involved other factors. Therefore, this study conducted a supplementary analysis to investigate the determinants of prospective childcare time by incorporating social norms and prospective time allocation to other activities. Specifically, mediation analysis was performed separately for men and women, with prospective time allocation to childcare as the dependent variable, gender norms for men （women） as the independent variable, and prospective time allocation to work, which showed the highest negative correla-tion with childcare time, as the mediating variable.Figure 2 shows that a positive regression was observed from social norms to childcare time （β = .245, p ＜ .001） among men. When prospective paid work time was included as a mediator, a bootstrap test showed a significant indirect effect （z = 3.197, p ＜ .001）, and a negative path was observed from social norms to paid work time （β = ˗.215, p ＜ .001） and from paid work time to childcare time （β = ˗.509, p ＜ .001）. Meanwhile, the path from social norms to childcare time decreased to β = .135 （p ＜ .01）. These results indicate that the prospect of childcare time among men is regulated by the direct effect of social norms for men as well as the mediating effect of paid work time. As for women, a positive regression was found from social norms to childcare time （β = .209, p ＜ .001）. When time allocation to paid work was introduced, a bootstrap test showed that the indirect effect was not significant （z = 1.028, p ＜ .304）. A negative path was observed from paid work time to childcare time （β = ˗.334, p ＜ .001）, but the path from social norms to paid work time failed to reach significance. These results show that among women, social norms associated with parenting time and the time allocated to work define the prospect for childcare time through different paths.
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