25MethodParticipantsMeasuresEthical ConsiderationsJapanese college students between the ages of 18 and 24 were invited to fill out an online survey. These were monitors of a web research company who were given points that could be redeemed when they completed the survey. Valid responses were obtained from 652 participants （52% women） with an average age of 20.31 years （SD = 1.36）. Participants’ fields of study included social sciences （29%）, engineering （15%）, humanities （12%）, health （11%）, education （6%）, science （4%）, agriculture （4%）, the arts （3%）, home economics （2%）, merchant marine science （1%）, and others （12%）. All respondents were single with no full-time working experience; 61% expressed their intention to get married in the future, 16% did not want to get married, and 23% were unsure.Adopting Adachi’s （2018a） method, this study measured future time allocation to five activities （housework, childcare, paid work, learning, and leisure time）, which correspond to the ILO’s （2018） areas of activity, that is, domestic activities （iv）, childcare activities （v）, employment-related activities （ii）, voluntary work and care activities （vii）, and recreation and leisure （ix）, respectively.Prospective Time Allocation: The participants imagined life in their early 30s, assuming they would be married in the future, and allocated their time to each of the five activities. The instruction was as follows: “How would you divide your time between （1） housework, （2） childcare, （3） paid work, （4） learning, and （5） leisure time in your life in general ? Please fill in the numbers so that the total is 10.”Ideal Time Allocation: The same question was employed, but this time the participants focused on their ideal time allocation for the five activities. The instruction was as follows: “Please describe your ideal situa-tion. What is your ideal time allocation for the five activities: （1） housework, （2） child-rearing, （3） work, （4） learning, and （5） leisure time ? Please fill in the numbers so that the total is 10.”Time Allocation/Social Norms for Men and Women: This study measured time allocation as a socially constructed gender norm for men and women through the following instruction: “Please allocate time for the five activities based on the general idea of current society. In the society in which you live, how do you think married men （women） in their early 30s should divide their time among the following activities: （1） housework, （2） child-rearing, （3） work, （4） learning, and （5） leisure time ? Please fill in the numbers so that the total is 10.”The opening screen of the web survey explained the purpose of the study; clarified that the survey was anonymous, that the participants’ responses were voluntary, and that they could leave anytime during the survey; and described how the data would be handled. Respondents who understood and agreed to these conditions proceeded to the next screen and commenced their participation.
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