208Child Rearing Anxiety in Modern China from the Perspective of Intergenerational Based on interviews with three generations of womenChanges in the Maternal Role: The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons for child-rearing anxiety among mothers in modern China by interviewing three generations of women. This research aims to clarify the differences in what was expected of women living in each historical period with regard to the role of mothers and the changes in child-rearing styles in each period.As a result of this research, it can be said that the reasons for the emergence of child-rearing anxiety among mothers in modern China are 1) the diversification of expectations regarding women’s role, 2) the centralization of child-rearing responsibilities among mothers, and 3) the increased burden of child-rearing due to the elaboration of child-rearing.First, regarding the transformation of maternal role expectations, in modern China, women are expected to be independent in the public sphere, while in the private sphere, they are also expected to focus on housework and child rearing is the norm. The multiple role expectations for women have become a major obstacle to their ability to balance work and child rearing, and has increased their anxiety about child rearing.Second, the economic system changes since the 2000s China have dismantled the so-called “group childcare” system, and most of the responsibility for childcare has been woven into the family. In addition to this, the “super-mom” norm that has become mainstream in China today emphasizes women’s responsibility within the family, and it is believed that the responsibility for childcare has come to be concentrated solely on women.Finally, in recent years, the prevalence of “scientific parenting” norms has led to the belief that mothers must take into account both the physical and psychological development of their children. The increasing mother-centeredness of childrearing has increased the loneliness and burden felt by Chinese mothers in childrearing and has made them more likely to become anxious about childrearing.Yilei ZHU
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