Secondary Education for Girls under the Japanese Occupation: Focusing on the Mongols in Manchukuo101Conclusionmake an offering, and thus escaped. When she shared the incident with her best friend and classmate, they said, “no one is allowed inside the shrine, especially foreigners. If they are caught, they will be executed.” I was amazed at her audacity to enter the main shrine and take a peek.In 1942, after graduation from XGNHS, Delegerma was transferred to the fourth grade of the Shenyang Second Girls’ National High School （Fengtian Province）. In 1945, Xing’an Province decided to open the Kailu Girls National High School, and was looking for teachers of Mongolian language and music. Delegerma applied for the position and was hired as a temporary teacher.On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. In 1947, Delegerma was elected as a councilor during the First People’s Congress of Inner Mongolia （preliminary meeting of the autonomous government） held in Wangyemiao. Later, she carried out land reforms in the Jalite Banner of Xing’an Confederation, and became the first female head of the Ondeer District of the Jalite Banner. She was also instrumental in the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. She served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Inner Mongolia Women’s Union and head of the propaganda department, and was a member of the Women’s Committee of the Inner Mongolia Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. Later, she held important positions, including that of director of the Fourth Mao Textile Factory and secretary of the Party Committee in Hohhot, and was a fifth-term member of the Hohhot Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a standing member of the Municipal Political Consultative Conference, from which she retired in 1986 （Delegerma, 2005）.The XGNHS was founded in 1937 in Tongliao, Manchukuo as the Xing’an Girls Academy, an educational institution for Mongolian girls. In 1938, the school was transferred to Wangyemiao and became the Xing’an Vocational Girls School. In 1941, the school was renamed XGNHS, and grew to become the leading girls’ national high school in Xing’an Province. The school was founded at the suggestion of a military official. The Japanese side initially intended to train good wives and wise mothers to Mongolian officers of the Xing’an Military Academy. Later, the name was changed and the structure reorganized, but the essence of the school remained the same. The curriculum of XGNHS included a domestic science course, and the students were also forced to visit shrines.This suggests that educational practices in the colonies force the ruled to assimilate into the rulers. In the case of XGNHS, the Japanese rulers were only trying to use the Mongolian girls as a tool for colonial rule. However, the girls were by no means submissive to the wishes of the Japanese rulers. Despite being under the military rule of Japan, young girls took their studies seriously in order to build their strength. Although Mongolian girls superficially obeyed the Japanese, they sometimes protested against what they considered unreasonable. It can be said that these girls were looking for an opportunity to oppose Japan while using the modern education of Japan as a tool. They may have kept their distance from the methods and rules that Japan tried to introduce.
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